补充montmorillonite-nanoencapsulated姜黄提取物可以改善炎热季节过渡奶山羊的性能和代谢状态

The transition period in dairy goats is characterised by significant metabolic alterations, inflammation, and negative energy balance, which can adversely affect animal health and productivity. Strategies to mitigate these physiological challenges are critical in regard to sustainable dairy production. This study evaluated the impacts of supplementation with free or nanoencapsulated turmeric extract (TE) on DM intake, production performance, and selected markers of metabolism, inflammation, and antioxidants in transitioning dairy goats. A total of 40 dried-off Murciano-Granadina dairy goats were randomly assigned to four experimental groups (10 goats/group): Control (CON), free TE (FTE; 200 mg/head per day), and two levels of montmorillonite-nanoencapsulated TE (MNTE-H and MNTE-L; 100 and 50 mg/head per day, respectively). The treatments were applied from 21 days prior to the expected parturition date till 21 days postpartum, after a 14-day adaptation period. Blood samples were collected on days -21, -7, 0, +7, and +21 relative to parturition. The DM intake, milk and fat-corrected milk (4%) yield were increased by feeding MNTE-H, as for feed efficiency. The MNTE-supplemented goats recorded higher blood glucose at parturition and on day +7 than did CON. Contrary to CON, TE supplementation resulted in lower non-esterified fatty acid levels during the postpartum period. The MNTE-H goats had higher plasma total protein and globulin, but lower plasma urea-N levels at kidding and during the postpartum period. Goats receiving MNTE had lower plasma haptoglobin levels at kidding. Supplementation with FTE and/or MNTE decreased plasma cortisol and increased paraoxonase 1 compared with CON during the transition period. At parturition and during the postpartum period, plasma total antioxidant capacity was higher, but malondialdehyde levels were lower in goats supplemented with MNTE-H. Supplementation with either FTE or MNTE-H resulted in higher high-density lipoprotein concentration during the transition period. These results demonstrated the beneficial effects of MNTE supplementation on metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers and antioxidant mitigation, associated with increased DM intake and production performance in transition dairy goats, particularly during the hot season.