枸杞多酚的结构依赖性调脂潜力：来自消化转化、肠道转运和微生物生物转化的见解

The relationship between polyphenol composition and lipid-modulating activity in Lycium barbarum L., together with the fate of these compounds during gastrointestinal processing, remains incompletely understood. This study compared free and bound polyphenol fractions from four cultivars using UHPLC-HRMS, activity assays, molecular docking, and a palmitic acid-induced lipid accumulation model in Caenorhabditis elegans. Digestion, Caco-2 transport, and fecal fermentation experiments were used to characterize metabolite profiles. Free fractions showed greater enrichment of B-ring catechol-containing compounds and stronger DPPH radical scavenging and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities than bound fractions. KJ-608 showed the most pronounced enrichment and the strongest activities among the tested cultivars. In C. elegans, free polyphenol supplementation reduced lipid accumulation and was associated with changes in antioxidant enzyme activities and phospholipid-related profiles. Digested samples contained phenolic acids and tentatively annotated quinone-related compounds. Small aromatic acids were detected in the basolateral compartment of the Caco-2 model and in fecal fermentation samples. These findings associate polyphenol composition with the measured activities and characterize metabolites across gastrointestinal models. They do not establish causal phospholipid-targeting mechanisms or the lipid-regulating activity of the detected metabolites. Further validation is needed to determine their bioavailability and biological effects.